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Iron oxide pigment is a type of inorganic pigment used as a filler in certain specialty papers. Although its application is not widespread, it represents a category of iron-based colorants, typically including only four varieties: iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide black, and iron oxide brown.

A common characteristic of iron oxide color materials is their insolubility in water and lack of affinity with pulp fibers. Instead, they are fixed onto the fibers through the action of alum, providing both coloration and filler functionality. Iron oxide pigments exhibit strong lightfastness and excellent hiding power.

In high-grade decorative base paper (such as Chinese pine base paper), iron oxide pigment serves as a filler. It can also partially replace expensive titanium dioxide while simultaneously providing a dyeing effect, offering an alternative to costly and highly polluting organic dyes.